Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in acute ischaemic stroke: time for collegiate communication and consensus.

Systematic reviews of randomised trials of tPA in acute ischaemic stroke indicate a clear benefit of treating selected patients within 3 hours of stroke onset. Moreover, a net benefit remained after adjustment for chance baseline imbalances between subgroups in stroke severity within one of these trials (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS]). Rates of favourable outcomes and intracranial haemorrhage comparable with those in randomised trials can be achieved in routine clinical practice; however, translation of net benefit from tPA therapy requires organised and coordinated stroke management across the continuum of care. Prerequisites for well organised and coordinated acute stroke care are: consensus among care providers on the use of tPA; stroke-care teams spanning the gaps between pre-hospital care, emergency departments and stroke units; and collegiate relations and effective communication networks between care providers.